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Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_req_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$binary_remote_addr</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>one<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m rate<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>r<span class="token operator">/</span>s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-limit-req"><a href="#_2-limit-req" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. limit_req</h3> <p>再在指定的作用域启用。</p> <div class="language-nginx extra-class"><pre class="language-nginx"><code>Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">limit_req</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>name <span class="token punctuation">[</span>burst<span class="token operator">=</span>number<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>nodelay <span class="token operator">|</span> delay<span class="token operator">=</span>number<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">server</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">location</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_req_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$binary_remote_addr</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>one<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m rate<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>r<span class="token operator">/</span>s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">location</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>search<span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">limit_req</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>one burst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">limit_req_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$binary_remote_addr</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perip<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m rate<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>r<span class="token operator">/</span>s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_req_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$server_name</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perserver<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m rate<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span>r<span class="token operator">/</span>s<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">server</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">limit_req</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perip burst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">5</span> nodelay<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">limit_req</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perserver burst<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>$binary_remote_addr</code> 相对 <code>remote_addr</code> 占用的空间更少。</p> <h2 id="连接限制"><a href="#连接限制" class="header-anchor">#</a> 连接限制</h2> <p><a href="https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_conn_module.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">limit_conn_module<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 步骤基本与请求限制一致。</p> <h3 id="_1-limit-conn-zone"><a href="#_1-limit-conn-zone" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. limit_conn_zone</h3> <div class="language-nginx extra-class"><pre class="language-nginx"><code>Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">limit_conn_zone</span> key zone<span class="token operator">=</span>name<span class="token punctuation">:</span>size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_conn_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$binary_remote_addr</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>addr<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-limit-zone"><a href="#_2-limit-zone" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. limit_zone</h3> <div class="language-nginx extra-class"><pre class="language-nginx"><code>Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">limit_zone</span> name <span class="token variable">$variable</span> size<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_conn_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$binary_remote_addr</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perip<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">limit_conn_zone</span> <span class="token variable">$server_name</span> zone<span class="token operator">=</span>perserver<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">10</span>m<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">server</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">limit_conn</span> perip <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">limit_conn</span> perserver <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="访问-ip-限制"><a href="#访问-ip-限制" class="header-anchor">#</a> 访问 IP 限制</h2> <p><a href="https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_access_module.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">access_module<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 可用来限制访问的 IP，用法比较简单。</p> <div class="language-nginx extra-class"><pre class="language-nginx"><code>Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">allow</span> address <span class="token operator">|</span> CIDR <span class="token operator">|</span> unix<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> all<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">server</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">location</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">limit_except</span>

Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">deny</span> address <span class="token operator">|</span> CIDR <span class="token operator">|</span> unix<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> all<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">server</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">location</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">limit_except</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">location</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">deny</span>  <span class="token number">192.168</span><span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">allow</span> <span class="token number">192.168</span><span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">24</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">allow</span> <span class="token number">10.1</span><span class="token number">.1</span><span class="token number">.0</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">allow</span> <span class="token number">2001</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">0</span>db8<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">deny</span>  all<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="访问-账号-限制"><a href="#访问-账号-限制" class="header-anchor">#</a> 访问 账号 限制</h2> <p><a href="https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_auth_basic_module.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">auth_basic_module<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> 可以为路径添加用户密码访问，可配合 IP 限制使用。</p> <h3 id="_1-生成密码"><a href="#_1-生成密码" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. 生成密码</h3> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 生成密码工具 htpasswd</span>
<span class="token comment"># -b 参数为 在一行输入用户名和密码，而非根据提示输入密码</span>
<span class="token comment"># -c 参数为 创建一个加密文件(注意已有则覆盖)，即增加用户时无需指定</span>
htpasswd -bc /etc/nginx/auth_conf shanyuhai <span class="token number">123</span>
<span class="token comment"># 若缺乏依赖则提示，安装即可</span>
<span class="token comment"># centos 下</span>
yum <span class="token function">install</span> httpd-tools
<span class="token comment"># ubuntu 下</span>
<span class="token function">apt</span> <span class="token function">install</span> apache2-utils

<span class="token function">cat</span> /etc/nginx/auth_conf <span class="token comment"># 验证</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="_2-限制说明"><a href="#_2-限制说明" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2. 限制说明</h3> <div class="language-nginx extra-class"><pre class="language-nginx"><code>Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">auth_basic</span> string <span class="token operator">|</span> off<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">auth_basic</span> off<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">server</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">location</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">limit_except</span>

Syntax<span class="token punctuation">:</span>	<span class="token keyword">auth_basic_user_file</span> file<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Default<span class="token punctuation">:</span> —
Context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">http</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">server</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">location</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">limit_except</span>

<span class="token comment"># Example</span>
<span class="token keyword">location</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">auth_basic</span>           <span class="token string">&quot;请输入用户名、密码&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">auth_basic_user_file</span> auth_conf<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2020年3月17日星期二下午2点47分</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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